Bhopal is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division.[7] It is known as the City of Lakes[8] for its various natural and artificial lakes and for being one of the greenest cities in India.[9] It is the 16th largest city in India and 131st[10] in the world. After formation of Madhya Pradesh, the state capital Bhopal was a part of the Sehore district. It was bifurcated in 1972 and a new district Bhopal was formed.
Flourishing around 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace. In 1984, the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster, one of the worst industrial disasters in history.
A Y-class city,[11] Bhopal houses various educational and research institutions and installations of national importance, including ISRO’s Master Control Facility,[12] BHEL and AMPRI. Bhopal is home to a large number of institutes of National Importance in India, namely, IISER, MANIT, SPA, AIIMS, NLIU, IIFM, NIDMP and IIIT (currently functioning from a temporary campus inside MANIT). Bhopal city is also the divisional headquarter of Bhopal division of west central railways (WCR), whose office is located at Habibganj.
Mausoleum of Dost Khan founder of Bhopal state
According to folklore, Bhopal was founded in the 11th century by the Paramara king Bhoja, who ruled from his capital at Dhar. This theory states that Bhopal was originally known as Bhojpal after a dam (pal) constructed by the king’s minister.[3] An alternative theory says that the city is named after another king called Bhupala (or Bhupal).
Mausoleum of Dost Khan founder of Bhopal state
In the early 18th century, Bhopal was a small village in the Gond kingdom. The modern Bhopal city was established by Dost Mohammad Khan (1672–1728), a Pashtun soldier in the Mughal army.[20] After the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing mercenary services to local chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on the lease of Berasia estate and later annexed several territories in the region to establish the Bhopal State.[21] Khan received the territory of Bhopal from the Gond queen Kamlapati in lieu of payment for mercenary services and usurped her kingdom after her death.[22] In the 1720s, he built the Fatehgarh fort in the village, which developed into the city of Bhopal over the next few decades.
Bhopal has an average elevation of 500 metres (1401 ft) and is located in the central part of India, just north of the upper limit of the Vindhya mountain ranges. Located on the Malwa plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya Range to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has small hills within its boundaries. The prominent hills in Bhopal are the Idgah and Shyamala hills in the northern region, together with the Katara hills in the southern region. There are two lakes namely upper lake and lower lake. The Upper Lake has a surface area of 36 km2 and catchment area of 361 km2 while the Lower Lake has a surface area of 1.29 km2 and catchment area of 9.6 km2.[33] Recently, Bhopal Municipal Corporation came with a resolution to involve local citizens in cleaning, conserving and maintaining the lakes.[34] Bhopal city is divided into two parts where one part which is near the VIP and lake is Old Bhopal (north) and the other, New Bhopal (south), where malls are mainly situated.
The economy of Bhopal is heavily industrial based with pharmaceutical, automobile, textile, and production of electrical goods mostly being prevalent. The city’s GDP was estimated to be around $17 Billion in 2018.[98] With Madhya Pradesh’s GDP growing to $140 Billion in 2021,[99] the Greater Bhopal Area which includes Mandideep , Bagroda and Acharpura inudstrial towns, is expected to contribute a GDP of around $32.5 Billion.[100] The major industries in the old city are electrical goods, medicinal, cotton, chemicals and jewellery. Other industries include cotton and flour milling, cloth weaving and painting, as well as making matches, sealing wax, and sporting equipment.[101] The residents of Bhopal also engage in large retail businesses. Handicrafts, like zardozi and batua (a small string purse, usually used with Indian traditional dresses) are some of the products of the Old City.
Bhopal is also home to the DB Corp, informally called the Bhaskar Group (named after its major publication Dainik Bhaskar), a ₹17 billion business conglomerate with a strong presence in media. Its head office is located in Maharana Pratap Nagar. While an IT Park, near Bhopal Airport, houses various software development companies and the city is expected to further enlarge its IT presence in near future with giants like WIPRO intending to establish software development centre in the city. Other Software and IT companies established in the city include Sutherland Global Services, ISoft InfoTech, Soluzione IT Services, Netlink Softwares Pvt Ltd., Caresoft Inc India, Osmo IT Solution Pvt Ltd., and many more.
Manjul Publishing House, located in the old city, is a major publishing house made famous by the translation of the Harry Potter series of novels into Hindi.
Bhopal District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Bhopal serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is part of Bhopal Division.
Bhopal district was carved out of the erstwhile Sehore District of Bhopal division vide M.P.Govt. Notification No.2477/1977/Sa/One/ dated 13 September 1972.The district derives its name from the district head-quarters town Bhopal which is also the capital of Madhya Pradesh. According to the Imperial Gazeteer of India, Bhopal derives from “Bhoj Pal” named after the legendary founder of the city.[3]
The early history of the present-day district area is obscure. According to a legend, the area was part of Mahakautar, a barrier of dense forests and hills separating North India from South India. 10th century CE onwards, names of Rajput rulers (including Bhoja) Malwa appear in the historical records. The number of Muslims rose after invasions by the Delhi Sultanate under Iltutmish. In 1401, Dilawar Khan Ghori (father of Hoshang Shah) took control of the territory, ruling from Dhar.
According to the 2011 census, the population of the Bhopal city (the area under Bhopal Municipal Corporation) is 1,798,218, with 936,168 males and 862,050 females. The population of the Bhopal metropolitan area (the urban agglomeration that extends beyond Bhopal city) was 1,886,100 in 2011.[39] The total effective literacy rate (for population aged 7+ years) was 85.24%, with male and female literacy respectively at 89.2% and 80.1%.
Bhopal is the name of the division, as well as the district and the capital city of the district.[40] The division is headed by the commissioner and additional commissioner for the division.[40] The division has five districts, of which Bhopal is one.[40] Bhopal district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Bhopal, who is the Chief Executive Officer for the district
| Religion in Bhopal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Hindus | 69.20% | |||
| Muslims | 26.28% | |||
| Jains | 1.35% | |||
| Christians | 1.12% | |||
| Buddhists | 1.08% | |||
| Others† | 0.6% | |||
Bhopal lies in the West Central Railway Zone. Considering both North-South and East-West train routes, it is one of the most rail connected cities in India which halts more than 200 daily trains, with a total of more than 380 trains within a week. The main stations of Bhopal are the Bhopal Junction station located in old Bhopal and Bhopal Habibganj station located in new Bhopal. Both these stations are equipped with WiFi, have enough: waiting halls, refreshment centers, passenger ticket counters and ticket vending machines, vehicle parking, communication facilities, sanitary facilities and dedicated government railway police force to ensure security.
The Bus Rapid Transit System, which opened in 2013, is run by Bhopal City Link Limited (BCLL). The company has identified 4 trunk and 8 standard routes in the city on which 225 buses would be operated daily (365 a day in a year), from 5 a.m. to 11 p.m. 82 bus stops are built along the 24 km long corridor.
The Raja Bhoj International Airport is located near the suburb of Sant Hirdaram Nagar (formerly known as Bairagarh) and is the primary airport serving the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.[111]
There are three routes or ways to reach the airport: (1) Via Bairagad, (2) Via Panchvati, (3) Via Gandhi Nagar road (N.H 12). From within the city, VIP Road, a four lane road takes one to the airport, which lies 15 km to the north of the city. International flights began operations in 2010. Domestic direct flight services are operated by Air India, Spice Jet and Indigo.
Chowk area reminds visitors of the bygone era of Bhopal. Located in the center of the old city, this place is lined up with several old havelis and mosques. Chowk Bazaar is an ideal destination for buying traditional handicrafts. The shops tucked away in the narrow lanes of the Chowk are treasure hubs of silver and gold jewelry, traditional Bhopali crafts, exquisitely fashioned beadwork, Maheshwari and Chanderi sarees, embroidered and sequined velvet cushions and purses. If you are a master in bargaining, you can purchase miscellaneous things from the local vendors on the streets.
The DB City Mall is located in a very posh locality of Bhopal. It is because of its location that it is one of the favourites of the residents of the town. Not only that but it homes some of the leading fashion brands and other local brands. There is also a grocery store. So the customers can shop and get their groceries at the same time.
PVR – Aura Mall, Shahpura is a popular theatre located at Aura Mall, E 8, 2nd Floor, Arera Colony, Near Reliance Fresh, Shahpura, South, Bhopal. PVR – Aura Mall, Shahpura has 3 screens. Movies now showing at PVR – Aura Mall, Shahpura are No Time To Die, No Time To Die, No Time To Die, No Time To Die, Shang-Chi And The Legend Of The Ten Rings and Jungle Cruise. Facilities available at PVR – Aura Mall, Shahpura are Parking Facility, Dolby Atmos and Food And Beverage.
If you love spending time in open gardens and close to nature then Ekant Park is the perfect choice with lush green lawns and gardens filled with blossoming flowers. The beautiful park is situated north of Shahpura lake and connected via various modes of transport. The park has paved paths which are used by people who visit the park for their daily exercise and also to pass time. The weekends see the largest crowds with families visiting the park mainly in the morning and evenings during the summer months and during the entire day during the winter months. The park boasts of offering abundant greenery allowing visitors to get fresh air after long days in the cities pollution.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal (AIIMS Bhopal) is a medical research public university and Institute of National Importance, located in the Saket Nagar suburb of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.[6] It is one of the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojna (PMSSY).
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